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    Financial Dictionary

    Dictionary Home The Language of Money - Edna Carew
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z



    M&A
     
    Abbrev. merger and acquisition.  
    Maastricht Treaty
     
    The pact for a redesigned European economic union, resulting from meetings in 1991 - 93 in ...  
    Mabo
     
    The name of a Torres Strait Islander, Eddie Mabo, who fought for Aboriginal land rights. The ...  
    Macaulay duration
     
    A market-value, weighted measure of the time to maturity of a security. With fixed-interest ...  
    Macroeconomics
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    The big picture (makros is Greek for 'large'). Macroeconomics focuses on the major aggregates, ...  
    Maginot spread
     
    The difference between the yields on German bunds (bonds) and French OATs (obligations assimilables ...  
    Main board
     
    The stock exchange board on which publicly listed industrial and mining company shares are ...  
    Makati Stock Exchange Inc
     
    Established in Manila in 1963, the exchange began trading in November 1965 and is the largest ...  
    Malthus, Thomas
     
    (1766 - 1834)UK economist whose legacy to economic thought was contained in his Essay on the ...  
    Management and investment companies
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    MICs were established under the Management and Investment Companies Act 1983 as a federal ...  
    Management buy-in
     
    A management buy-out where the new management is not already involved in the operation of ...  
    Management buy-out
     
    A transfer of ownership or control of a company to those who are involved in running the business. ...  
    Management expense ratio
     
    Calculated by taking the total amount of fees deducted from an unlisted managed fund and all ...  
    Manchester School
     

    See also: free trade.

     
    Mandate
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    The authority to act for another party. The term is commonly used in the euromarkets: a borrower ...  
    Margin
     
    The difference between a benchmark interest rate and the rate charged to an individual borrower. ...  
    Margin account
     
    An account enabling a trader to use funds advanced by his or her stockbroker, futures broker ...  
    Margin call
     
    A request for funds to cover an unfavourable movement in price in the futures and options ...  
    Margin spread concession
     
    A reduced margin, calculated by the Sydney Futures Exchange Clearing House, for offsetting ...  
    Margin trading
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    Using a margin account; ie, trading with money borrowed from your broker or bank for that ...  
    Marginal buyer
     
    Someone willing to buy at the present price but who would be deterred by any increase.  
    Marginal utility
     
    A measure of the increase in total utility (satisfaction, use or need) of consumption of a ...  
    Mark to market
     
    To revalue (an asset, liability, financial instrument, etc) to the current market price, as ...  
    Market
     
    The key to the free-enterprise system; a generic term for the arrangements by which people ...  
    Market capitalisation
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    The stockmarket's assessment of a company's value, calculated by multiplying the number of ...  
    Market forces
     
    Supply and demand - those terrible twins which are held to determine the price of a product ...  
    Market maker
     
    A recognised institution or individual willing to trade certain securities at any time; that ...  
    Market on close
     
    Buying or selling at the market price at the close of the day's trading, ie, during the last ...  
    Market operations
     

    See also: open-market operations.

     
    Market order
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    An instruction to buy or sell a commodity or share at the current market price, with minimum ...  
    Market raid
     

    See also: raid.

     
    Market risk
     
    The possibility that future earnings could be adversely affected by a change in market prices ...  
    Market share
     
    The proportion of the total amount of a service or product - banking or air-conditioners - ...  
    Market value
     
    What you would get for an asset were you to offer it for sale. The value might be quite different ...  
    Market-if-touched order
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    An order to buy or sell if and when the market price reaches a specified level. Once the specified ...  
    Marketable securities
     

    See also: securities.

     
    Marshall, Alfred
     
    (1842 - 1924)Marshall combined the traditions of the English classical school of Smith and ...  
    Martin Committee (Review Group)
     
    A committee formed in May 1983 to examine the proposals of the Campbell Committee in the light ...  
    Marx, Karl Heinrich
     
    (1818 - 83)German philosopher, economist, socialist and revolutionary. Marx studied at the ...  
    MAS
    top
    Abbrev. Monetary Authority of Singapore.  
    Master agreement
     

    See also: netting by master agreement.

     
    Master trust
     
    A superannuation vehicle which enables a number of companies or individuals to combine their ...  
    Match-out
     
    In futures trading, offsetting open positions. A trader holding both bought and sold contracts ...  
    Matched book
     
    Traders talk of their book being matched when their borrowings and loans are equal in so far ...  
    MATIF
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    Marche a Terme International de France, the Paris futures exchange trading futures and options ...  
    Matilda bonds
     
    Global bonds, first sold in 1991, denominated in $A and issued by supranationals such as the ...  
    Matrix
     
    An arrangement of numbers or figures which helps in assessing their significance. An understanding ...  
    Mature market
     
    A consumer market which has reached virtual saturation, with few new customers. In a mature ...  
    Maturity
     
    The term at the end of which a debt or borrowing is to be repaid. A 90 - day bank bill of ...  
    Maturity mismatch risk
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    The risk in a cross hedge that because the long and short positions have different maturities ...  
    May Day
     
    1 May 1975, the day that fixed brokerage commissions ended in the US and brokerage became ...  
    MBI
     
    Abbrev. management buy-in.  
    MBO
     
    Abbrev. management buy-out.  
    MBS
     
    Abbrev. mortgage-backed securities.  
    Mean
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    In the arithmetic sense, an alternative for 'average'. The arithmetic mean is arrived at by ...  
    Media
     
    Newspapers, magazines, television and radio and any other channel of information. A knowledge ...  
    Median
     
    An alternative measure of the typical value of a group of numbers. Median differs from mean; ...  
    Medium-term notes
     
    Intermediate-term debt securities, issued for three to thirty years and continuously offered. ...  
    Meeting
     
    A gathering of two or more people at which something is discussed. In the corporate lexicon ...  
    Meltdown
    top
    A term coined to describe the disaster that ensues when the core of a nuclear reactor overheats ...  
    Members' scheme
     

    See also: scheme of arrangement.

     
    Memo
     
    A memorandum - a written or electronic message. Ideally, a way of getting information on to ...  
    Memorandum of association
     
    A company document which sets out the basis on which a company is established, giving such ...  
    MER
     
    Abbrev. management expense ratio.  
    Mercantilism
    top
    An economic theory common in Europe from the sixteenth to mid-eighteenth centuries which stressed ...  
    Merchant bank
     
    Merchant banks originated in the sixteenth century in Europe, when they financed trade. The ...  
    Merger and acquisition
     
    The combining of two companies to form one entity, suggesting a balance of strength and willingness ...  
    Mezzanine debt
     
    A borrowing that falls between straight debt and equity, such as subordinated debt or equity-linked ...  
    MFN
     
    Abbrev. most-favoured nation.  
    Microeconomics
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    The study of markets and individual units in the economy (from the Greek mikros, meaning 'small'). ...  
    MICS
     
    Abbrev. management and investment companies.  
    MidAmerica Commodity Exchange
     
    Chicago's 'third' commodity exchange. Founded in 1868, it is the fourth-largest in the US, ...  
    Middle office
     
    As its name suggests, an area in a bank or investment bank which 'sits' between the front ...  
    Midrate
     
    The middle rate between buy/sell quotes in foreign exchange. If the $US/yen quote were 80.20/80.30, ...  
    Mill, John Stuart
    top
    (1806 - 73)British philosopher, political economist, exponent of utilitarianism, child prodigy. ...  
    Mini-budget
     

    See also: budget.

     
    Mini-max floater
     
    A floating-rate note with an embedded collar, providing a return in a specified band between ...  
    Minimum lending rate
     
    The minimum rate at which the Bank of England would lend funds to the discount houses. The ...  
    Ministry of Finance
     
    Japan's equivalent of a department of treasury. This department has many functions including ...  
    Ministry of International Trade and Industry
    top
    A powerful department of the Japanese government which oversees industry in the same way that ...  
    Minority interest
     
    The proportion of a company's profit or loss attributable to outside shareholders in subsidiary ...  
    Minority shareholders
     
    Shareholders who do not own the controlling interest in the equity (shares) of a company. ...  
    Mint
     
    A factory which produces coinage. The Royal Australian Mint, located in Canberra, is a division ...  
    Minutes
     
    Written details of a meeting, usually certified by the chairman as being an accurate record ...  
    Mismatch
    top
    A discrepancy in the maturities of assets and liabilities. This may be brought about deliberately, ...  
    Mismatch risk
     
    The market risk created if a hedge does not exactly cover an exposure.  
    Missing the market
     
    What brokers try to avoid. A broker who missed the market for a client would have lost the ...  
    MIT
     
    Abbrev. market-if-touched order.  
    MITI
     
    Abbrev. Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Japan).  
    Mixed economy
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    One containing features of both capitalism and socialism. Australia is a mixed economy, with ...  
    MLR
     
    Abbrev. minimum lending rate.  
    MMC
     
    Abbrev. money market certificate.  
    Moc
     
    Abbrev. market on close.  
    Mode
     
    A measure of the typical value in a series of numbers. The mode is the value which occurs ...  
    Modified duration
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    A measure of the proportional change in the value of an instrument that results from a change ...  
    MoF
     
    1. abbrev. Ministry of Finance (Japan).

    2. abbrev. multi-option facility.

     
    Monep
     
    Marche des Options Negociables de la Bourse de Paris, the Paris equity options market, under ...  
    Monetarism
     
    The belief that the quantity of money is the main influence on economic activity and price ...  
    Monetary aggregates
     
    The various measures of the money supply used to determine the growth of credit.

    See also: ...

     
    Monetary Authority of Singapore
    top
    The organisation in Singapore carrying out the functions of a central bank. Abbrev. MAS.  
    Monetary policy
     
    The branch of economic policy usually handled by a country's central bank and concerned with ...  
    Monetise
     
    To convert into money.  
    Money
     
    In one sense, the lubricant of all economies. An enigmatic textbook description says that ...  
    Money base
     

    See also: cash base, money supply.

     
    Money broker
    top
    A firm which borrows parcels of money as agent and lends them to another, charging a fee for ...  
    Money market
     
    The 'shorter end' (ie, the short-term area of the capital market, where banks, finance companies, ...  
    Money market certificate
     
    A savings instrument in the US, offering an interest rate tied to the US Treasury Bill rate. ...  
    Money market mutual funds
     
    The US equivalent and forerunner of Australia's cash management trusts.  
    Money supply
     
    A measure of liquidity in the economy (as shown by the quantity of cash in the hands of the ...  
    Money-centre bank
    top
    A large US bank, usually found in a key city location, that trades and issues securities. ...  
    Moneylender
     
    A once pejorative term for someone lending at rates of interest well above those charged by ...  
    Monopoly
     
    The control of the production and sale of a product, and therefore its price, by one individual ...  
    Monopsony
     
    The other side of monopoly. There is only one buyer, who therefore dictates the price.  
    Monte Carlo simulation
     
    A method of random sampling to achieve numerical solutions to mathematical problems.  
    Moody's Investors Service
    top
    A leading US corporate credit rating agency. Founded in 1903 by John Moody, it merged in 1961 ...  
    Moonlighting
     
    Holding down more than one job (the second is done by moonlight). Usually applied disapprovingly, ...  
    Moral hazard
     
    The risk that a counterparty in a transaction has an incentive to take exceptional risks in ...  
    Moral suasion
     
    Benevolent compulsion, or making others conform without enforcing rules directly. The Reserve ...  
    Mortgage
     
    A form of security, most common in property purchases. In the case of a mortgage under Australia's ...  
    Mortgage banking
    top
    The business of originating secured mortgage loans, either as principal or agent, managing ...  
    Mortgage pool
     
    A portfolio of mortgages.

    See also: mortgage-backed certificate, pass-through security, ...

     
    Mortgage trust
     
    A unit trust that pools investors' funds and invests them in residential, commercial and industrial ...  
    Mortgage-backed security
     
    A variety of asset-backed security, representing an interest in a pool of mortgages. A major ...  
    Mortgagee
     
    The lender of funds under a mortgage; for example, a bank or building society.  
    Mortgagor
    top
    The borrower of funds under a mortgage.  
    Most-favoured nation status
     
    A country given favourable tariff treatment by another, usually reciprocally Abbrev. MFN.  
    Moving average
     
    The average of a sequence of numbers over a specific period. The average 'moves' as new numbers ...  
    MTN
     
    Abbrev. medium-term note.  
    Multi-currency loan
     
    Finance provided with the option of using different currencies. Some loans are written with ...  
    Multi-option facility
    top
    A facility with a wider range of funding options than the standard underwritten euronote, ...  
    Multilateral netting
     
    Offsetting of receivables and payables among three or more parties to a transaction, with ...  
    Multinationals
     
    Companies operating in more than one country, often in several, producing a significant proportion ...  
    Multiplier
     
    A term used by Keynes to describe the effect on the cumulative national income of a change ...  
    Mutual fund
     
    US term for a unit trust.

    See also: unit trust.

     
    Mutual offset
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    The ability to buy or sell in one market and close out the position in the same commodity ...