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    Financial Dictionary

    Dictionary Home The Language of Money - Edna Carew
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z



    IBF
     
    Abbrev. international banking facility.  
    IBSA
     
    Abbrev. International Banks and Securities Association of Australia.  
    IC
     
    Abbrev. Industry Commission.  
    ICCH
     
    Abbrev. International Commodities Clearing House.  
    ICONs
    top
    Abbrev. indexed currency option notes.  
    Ifox
     
    Abbrev. Irish Futures and Options Exchange.  
    IMF
     
    Abbrev. International Monetary Fund.  
    IMM
     
    Abbrev. International Monetary Market.  
    Imperfect market
     
    A market where individual buyers and sellers are able to influence prices. This might occur ...  
    Implicit price deflator
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    An estimate of an average price level relative to the price level in a chosen base period. ...  
    Implied volatility
     

    See also: volatility.

     
    Import tariffs
     

    See also: tariff.

     
    Imports
     
    What is purchased from other countries for use in one's own country. Visible imports are items ...  
    Imputation
     

    See also: dividend imputation.

     
    In the money
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    A term used to describe an option that can be exercised at a profit; the option contract's ...  
    In-arrears swap
     
    A conventional interest-rate swap structure with one difference - the floating rate is set ...  
    Incentive
     
    Carrot-and-stick psychology; a reward. Employers offer incentives to cultivate loyalty and ...  
    Income tax
     
    Tax levied directly on personal income.

    See also: taxation.

     
    Incorporation
     
    The process of forming a company. Incorporation is carried out by lodging the necessary documents ...  
    Increment
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    A fancy term for a proportionate increase, usually applied to salary rates; a popular buzzword ...  
    Indemnity
     
    An undertaking (in the form of a contract) to make good someone else's loss. Similar to a ...  
    Index
     
    A numerical measure of the way a variable has changed over some base period. A popular way ...  
    Index arbitrage
     
    An investment or trading strategy which attempts to maximise returns by shifting between long ...  
    Index participations
     
    Synthetic instruments structured to offer small investors a low-cost entry to a trading portfolio ...  
    Index warrants
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    Put and call options on an index or index futures contract with more than one year to maturity, ...  
    Index-linked bonds/notes
     
    Securities whose principal and/or interest payments are linked to the performance of a particular ...  
    Indexation
     
    The adjustment of items such as wages, prices or taxation and other living costs or investments ...  
    Indexed bond
     
    A bond whose coupon (income stream) or face value is linked to the inflation rate.

    See ...

     
    Indexed currency option notes
     
    A euronote issue that includes a currency option. First seen in 1985, the notes are serviced ...  
    Indexing
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    A low-risk investment management strategy in which, theoretically, the investor trades according ...  
    Indicative price (quote)
     
    Bid or offer price provided by way of information rather than as the level at which a trader ...  
    Indirect quote
     
    In the context of exchange rates in Australia, the US dollar price of one Australian dollar. ...  
    Indirect taxation
     
    Generally, taxes other than income tax, such as sales tax. The validity of the distinction ...  
    Individual Share Futures
     
    Share futures contracts traded on the Sydney Futures Exchange, based on individual stocks ...  
    Indorse
    top

    See also: endorse.

     
    Industrial award
     
    Pay rates and employment conditions for employees in a specific industry, legally enforceable ...  
    Industrial Relations Commission
     
    A federal body which oversees working conditions and wages. The Industrial Relations Reform ...  
    Industries Assistance Commission
     

    See also: Industry Commission

     
    Industry Commission
     
    Established in 1990 as a major independent review and advisory body on industry policy for ...  
    Industry superannuation fund
    top
    A superannuation fund covering several employers, usually within one industry or sector.  
    Inelasticity (of demand)
     
    The characteristic of a product for which demand changes less than proportionately in response ...  
    Inflation
     
    A sustained increase in the general level of prices so that a given amount of money buys less ...  
    Inflation accounting
     
    Assessing a company's performance after adjusting for the effects of inflation. Historial ...  
    Infrastructure
     
    The basis or framework on which something is built. The term is popularly used to describe ...  
    Infrastructure bonds
    top
    Bonds issued to help fund infrastructure projects such as those for land or air transport, ...  
    Initial margin (deposit)
     
    The amount paid by a trader in the futures and options markets to cover against losses that ...  
    Initial public offering
     
    The flotation of a company on the stock exchange. A prospectus is issued inviting investors ...  
    Injunction
     
    A writ or court order forcing you to do something (mandatory injunction) or restraining you ...  
    Inputs
     
    What goes in at one end of a process to produce, at the other, outputs. In the economic sense, ...  
    Inscribed stock
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    Securities for which ownership is recorded in a registry. The owner receives a certificate ...  
    Inside lag
     

    See also: leads and lags.

     
    Inside the fees
     
    Securities that trade inside the fees are selling at a price that allows the underwriter to ...  
    Insider trading
     
    Buying or selling (usually shares) for profit where the person dealing has privileged information ...  
    Insolvency
     
    A situation where the value of liabilities exceeds the value of assets and debts cannot be ...  
    Instalment payments
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    The reality of the never-never, the regular payments to be made on a borrowing (hire purchase, ...  
    Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia
     
    A professional organisation, formed in 1928, representing about 26 000 accountants (as at ...  
    Institutional buy-out
     

    See also: leveraged buy-out, management buy-out.

     
    Instrument
     
    Market term for a document or security such as a bill of exchange or promissory note, bond, ...  
    Insurance
     
    Protection against possible hazard. You can buy insurance against an event which may or may ...  
    Insurance and Superannuation Commission
    top
    The federal government body responsible for regulating the insurance and superannuation industries. ...  
    Insurance bonds
     

    See also: life insurance bonds

     
    Intangible assets
     
    Resources of a business which have no easily measurable dollar value but which are nonetheless ...  
    Interbank market
     
    In Australia, short-term (often overnight) borrowing and lending between banks, as distinct ...  
    Interbank rate
     
    The rate of interest charged on loans between banks.

    See also: federal funds rate, London ...

     
    Intercommodity spread
    top
    Where a trader takes a long position in one commodity and a short position in another, eg ...  
    Interest
     
    The charge on borrowed money or the return earned on funds out on loan or invested. Interest ...  
    Interest arbitrage
     
    Switching between interest-bearing investments to profit from the difference in rates.

    ...

     
    Interest capitalisation
     
    Adding interest payments owed by a debtor to the principal of the loan. While this can give ...  
    Interest cover
     
    A financial measure achieved by dividing the earnings of a company by the total interest payments ...  
    Interest-only funds
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    Funds on which the borrower pays interest (like a rent) for the use of the money, usually ...  
    Interest-rate collar
     
    A combination of an interest-rate cap and an interest-rate floor. The buyer of a collar buys ...  
    Interest-rate condom
     

    See also: cap.

     
    Interest-rate differential
     
    The difference between the interest rates paid on debt instruments, eg, the interest-rate ...  
    Interest-rate futures
     
    Futures contracts based on financial instruments such as bank bills of exchange or government ...  
    Interest-rate option
    top
    An option over an instrument such as a bond, giving the buyer, in return for the payment of ...  
    Interest-rate risk
     
    Exposure to loss resulting from a change in interest rates. Hedging strategies are designed ...  
    Interest-rate swap
     
    A basic fixed-rate for floating-rate swap organised in one currency, with interest-rate flows ...  
    Interest-rate swap option
     
    Another variation on the interest-rate swap, this enables a borrower to take an option to ...  
    Interface
     
    The point or area common to two adjacent things, a connecting surface. The word has been eagerly ...  
    Interim dividend
    top

    See also: dividend.

     
    Intermarket spread
     
    A strategy involving the purchase and sale of the same commodity on two different exchanges.  
    Intermediation
     
    Having a middleman (intermediary) between borrower and lender, rather than borrower and lender ...  
    Intermonth spread
     
    A strategy used in futures and options trading that involves buying one month of a contract ...  
    Internal audit
     
    An examination and verification of financial accounts and records carried out by employees ...  
    Internal rate of return
    top
    The return from an investment, calculated to show the rate at which the present value of future ...  
    Internal Revenue Service
     
    The US federal agency responsible for collecting federal income taxes (personal and company) ...  
    International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
     

    See also: World Bank.

     
    International banking facility
     
    A US status similar to an OBU (offshore banking unit) which allows a bank to operate in international ...  
    International Banks and Securities Association of Australia
     
    National organisation representing the interests of members engaged in wholesale banking, ...  
    International Commodities Clearing House
    top
    London-based provider of clearing services to futures markets. Its main role is to register ...  
    International Monetary Fund
     
    Established by the Bretton Woods conference of 1944 to encourage policies, including exchange-rate ...  
    International Monetary Market
     
    A division of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, established in 1972. The International Monetary ...  
    International monetary system
     
    The prevailing arrangements among countries for determining the relative values of currencies. ...  
    International Petroleum Exchange
     
    London-based energy futures and options exchange. Abbrev. IPE.  
    International Securities Markets Association
    top
    Based in Zurich, Switzerland, ISMA was founded in 1969 as the Association of International ...  
    International Stock Exchange
     
    Formerly (until 1987) the London Stock Exchange, it is the principal exchange in London, managing ...  
    International Swaps and Derivatives Association
     
    A US-based international trade association which sets standard documentation and helps markets ...  
    Intervention
     

    See also: central bank intervention, monetary policy.

     
    Intestate
     
    Dying without leaving a will; property not disposed of by a will.  
    Intracommodity spread
    top
    A strategy based on buying and selling the same commodity but for different expiry months ...  
    Intraday (trading)
     
    Entering into and closing out a futures or options position within the same day. Also known ...  
    Intrinsic value
     
    The amount by which an option is in the money. In the case of a call option, intrinsic value ...  
    Inventory
     
    A list of what you have. In company accounts, inventory usually refers to the value of stocks, ...  
    Inverse floater
     

    See also: reverse floater.

     
    Inverse yield curve
    top

    See also: yield curve.

     
    Inverted market
     

    See also: backwardation.

     
    Investment allowance
     
    A tax deduction of 10 per cent from assessable income in the year that eligible new machinery ...  
    Investment bank
     
    A financial intermediary which operates at the 'wholesale end' of the financial markets; the ...  
    Investment grade
     
    A bond or note rated BBB- or above by Standard & Poor's or at least Baa3 by Moody's Investors ...  
    Investor
    top
    One who lays out money, usually by lending or purchasing, in the expectation of profiting ...  
    Invisibles
     
    As in 'invisible exports and imports', transactions such as insurance, banking and foreign ...  
    IOU
     
    Contraction of 'I owe you'; written evidence of a debt, usually signed by the debtor and held ...  
    IPE
     
    Abbrev. International Petroleum Exchange.  
    IPO
     
    Abbrev. initial public offering.  
    IRC
    top
    Abbrev. Industrial Relations Commission.  
    Irish Futures and Options Exchange
     
    Opened in 1989, this computerised exchange trades contracts based on Irish government bonds, ...  
    IRR
     
    Abbrev. internal rate of return.  
    IRS
     
    Abbrev. Internal Revenue Service.  
    ISC
     
    Abbrev. Insurance and Superannuation Commission.  
    ISDA
    top
    Abbrev. International Swaps and Derivatives Association.  
    ISF
     
    Abbrev. Individual Share Futures.  
    ISMA
     
    Abbrev. International Securities Markets Association.  
    Issued capital
     
    The proportion of authorised capital which has been issued to shareholders in the form of ...  
    Issuing house
     
    A merchant bank specialising in arranging and underwriting share and securities issues. It ...