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    Financial Dictionary

    Dictionary Home The Language of Money - Edna Carew
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z



    Daisy chain
     
    A form of market-rigging. A group of traders actively buy, giving an impression of a healthy ...  
    Data
     
    Facts or numbers; statistics; information. The widespread adaption of the term may be due ...  
    Dawn raid
     
    A swift and unexpected assault on the sharemarket, often with the raider buying a large parcel ...  
    Day-trading
     
    Buying into and selling out of the market within one day or one trading session. Similar to ...  
    Daylight exposure
    top
    The risk that arises when related transactions are not settled simultaneously but at different ...  
    Daylight overdraft
     
    A facility which enables you to spend more than you have in your bank account during the day, ...  
    Days of grace
     
    A reasonable number of days allowed after a debt or other arrangement falls due to give the ...  
    DCM
     
    Abbrev. Don't Come Monday. Fired.  
    De-escalate
     
    Careless jargon commonly understood to mean to move downwards (of prices, rates or other statistics). ...  
    Dead cat bounce
    top
    A phantom recovery. Economic activity has fallen so low that it must turn up at some point ...  
    Dealership
     
    A small group of banks or investment banks which sells securities such as US commercial paper ...  
    Dealing desk
     

    See also: desk.

     
    Death duties
     
    An unpopular tax now almost entirely abolished in Australia at federal and state levels. Death ...  
    Debenture
     
    A type of fixed-interest security, issued by companies (as borrowers) in return for medium ...  
    Debit
    top
    A bookkeeping and accounting term, indicating an entry made in the left-hand column of the ...  
    Debit card
     
    A plastic card used to buy goods and services, provided there are funds in the account against ...  
    Debit spread
     
    An option spread which, when initiated, produces a net cash outflow from a trader's or investor's ...  
    Debt
     
    An obligation by one individual or company to pay a specific amount of money to another party.  
    Debt instrument
     
    A bond or an IOU - an obligation to repay a fixed amount of money.  
    Debt warrant
    top
    A warrant that is exercisable into a debt security, such as a bond or note.

    See also: ...

     
    Debt-for-equity swap
     
    A method of extinguishing a company's debt by exchanging it for a share of the business. It ...  
    Debt-service ratio
     
    The cost to a country of making interest and principal repayments on its foreign debt, as ...  
    Debt-to-equity ratio
     
    A measure of a company's gearing (borrowing) which is calculated by dividing all financial ...  
    Debtor nation
     
    A country with a balance of payments deficit.

    See also: creditor nation.

     
    Dec
    top
    Pronounced 'deck' (deece in the US), this is futures market shorthand for December, as in ...  
    Deed
     
    A document which has been signed, sealed and delivered, proving or testifying the agreement ...  
    Deep discount bonds
     
    These bonds, sold at a large (deep) discount from face value, pay low cash coupons. They are ...  
    Defalcation
     
    Misappropriation of money, usually applied to the misappropriation of funds held in trust.  
    Default
     
    Failure to do what was legally or morally required, often referring to the failure to pay ...  
    Defeasance
    top
    Rendering an existing deed null and void, or 'defeating' that deed. The term has been adopted ...  
    Defensive strategy
     

    See also: matched book.

     
    Deferred annuity
     
    A type of annuity that pays an income starting from a future age or date. If the person who ...  
    Deferred coupon bond (note)
     
    A bond (note) paying no interest for a set period then paying interest at a higher rate than ...  
    Deferred delivery
     
    The status of shares which can be traded, although the scrip has not yet been issued.  
    Deferred dividend shares
    top
    Shares issued with the stipulation that shareholders will only be entitled to receive dividends ...  
    Deferred strike-price option
     
    An option where the buyer can set the strike price at some date after the option is traded. ...  
    Deferred-interest bond
     
    A bond paying interest only from a set future date. A zero-coupon bond is the ultimate deferred-interest ...  
    Deferred-payment swap
     
    A swap where some or all payments are delayed for a specified time, usually for tax or accounting ...  
    Deferred-premium option
     
    An option whose premium is paid when it expires or netted against any pay-off. In all other ...  
    Deficit
    top
    A shortfall; an excess of expenditure over revenue. For a country, a deficit in its current ...  
    Deficit financing
     
    Funding expenditure with borrowings rather than using current revenue. Governments indulge ...  
    Deficit spending
     
    This occurs when a government spends more than it gathers in revenue. The shortfall has to ...  
    Defined-benefit fund
     
    A type of superannuation fund where the retirement and possibly other benefits are calculated ...  
    Deflation
     
    The opposite of inflation, ie, a fall in prices. It is sometimes applied to a situation where ...  
    Delayed drawdown swap
    top

    See also: forward swap.

     
    Delayed start swap
     

    See also: forward swap.

     
    Delist
     
    To permanently remove a company from stock exchange listing, because it no longer complies ...  
    Deliverable
     
    A financial instrument (eg, bank bill of exchange) or a commodity (eg, wool), traded on a ...  
    Delivery month
     
    A future month, listed as one in which delivery can be given or taken for a contract traded ...  
    Delivery price
    top

    See also: settlement price.

     
    Delivery risk
     

    See also: settlement risk.

     
    Delta
     
    A measure of the proportional change between two items, this is used to track the change in ...  
    Delta hedging
     
    A strategy used by option sellers to protect their exposure, ie, to be 'delta-neutral'. Delta ...  
    Delta variable
     
    This measures the likelihood of an option being exercised and so determines how much an option ...  
    Delta-neutral
    top
    Positions described as delta-neutral would have offsetting positive and negative deltas to ...  
    Demand-pull inflation
     

    See also: inflation

     
    Demerger
     
    The opposite of a merger (the practice of combining several companies under one corporate ...  
    Demonetise
     
    To end a commodity's role as a medium of exchange; for example, gold was demonetised in 1978, ...  
    Demutualisation
     
    The process of changing a mutual or cooperative association into a public company by converting ...  
    Deposit
    top
    An amount of money placed with a financial institution either at call (redeemable or withdrawable ...  
    Deposit-taking institutions
     
    Banks, building societies, credit unions and other organisations which accept customers' funds, ...  
    Depreciate
     
    To fall in value; the opposite of appreciate. Currencies may depreciate against other currencies. ...  
    Depreciation
     
    The accounting practice where the cost of fixed assets is systematically spread over the life ...  
    Depression
     
    A time of low economic activity, distinguished from a recession by being prolonged and sustained, ...  
    Derivative products
    top
    Contracts or instruments whose value stems from that of some underlying asset, such as commodities, ...  
    Derivatives book-runner
     
    A bank or investment bank managing and trading a portfolio of swaps, options and other derivative ...  
    Derivatives house
     
    A bank, investment bank or brokerage firm specialising in structuring and trading swaps, options ...  
    Derived measures
     

    See also: implicit price deflator.

     
    Desk
     
    In the sense of 'dealing desk', an all-embracing term for a company's trading team, who sit ...  
    Detachable warrant
    top
    A warrant once issued with a bond or other security but which has been separated and traded ...  
    Deutsche Terminborse
     
    Germany's Frankfurt-based electronic futures and options exchange. Abbrev. DTB.  
    Devaluation
     
    The reduction in the value of one currency against another, either because the first currency ...  
    Development capital
     
    Funds used to expand a business that has already been established and holds sufficient promise ...  
    Diagonal spread
     

    See also: option spread.

     
    Diff swap
    top

    See also: rate differential swap.

     
    DIGGERS
     

    See also: zero coupon bond.

     
    Digital option
     
    Also binary option.

    See also: all-or-nothing option.

     
    Dilution of equity
     
    What occurs when an issue of new shares shrinks the proportion of a company owned by the original ...  
    Diminishing returns
     
    The situation where the increase in production obtained by adding units of labour declines. ...  
    DINGOS
    top

    See also: zero coupon bonds.

     
    DINKs
     
    Abbrev. dual income, no kids  
    Direct clearer
     
    A financial institution, usually a bank, that directly clears cheques or other payment instruments ...  
    Direct investment
     
    Taking a stake in a company or joint venture which brings a say in how the operation is run, ...  
    Direct placement
     
    The issuing of shares directly to an investor, usually an institution, rather than making ...  
    Direct quote
    top
    An exchange rate quoted in terms of the local currency, ie, the number of units of local currency ...  
    Director
     
    Someone appointed to take responsibility for the policy formation and control of a company ...  
    Dirty float
     

    See also: float.

     
    Disablement benefit
     
    Money payable by a superannuation fund to a member, prevented by illness or injury from continuing ...  
    Disaster recovery
     
    A familiar concept - damage control - given new form by the rapid technological advances in ...  
    Discount
    top
    A reduction in price either from the previous price or from face value. Securities are traded ...  
    Discount house
     
    A member of the UK merchant banking elite. The London discount market consists of members ...  
    Discount rate
     
    The rate at which a bill of exchange or other security, such as a treasury note, is discounted ...  
    Discount securities
     
    Non-interest-bearing money-market instruments, issued at a discount from face value, with ...  
    Discount swap
     
    A swap using the coupon of a discount bond or bill as the fixed-rate or floating-rate payment. ...  
    Discount window
    top
    An anachronistic expression for the central bank's rediscount facility. The term dates from ...  
    Discounted cashflow
     
    A method of measuring the return on capital or funds invested which takes into account the ...  
    Discounted investment
     
    In government-guaranteed earnings return

    See also: zero coupon bonds.

     
    Discounted investment in negotiable government obligations
     

    See also: zero coupon bonds.

     
    Discounting
     
    In the context of money, reducing in price from an earlier level or from face value. In the ...  
    Discretionary account
    top
    An arrangement between a broker and a client which allows the broker to decide fully or partly ...  
    Discretionary income
     
    Spare cash; what you have to spend after the other choices have been made for you by the tax ...  
    Disinflation
     
    A fall in inflation, either through deliberate government intervention or as a result of a ...  
    Disintermediation
     
    Cutting out the middleman so that borrowers and lenders deal directly with each other. In ...  
    Disposable income
     
    The portion of a person's income, including social service payments, that is left for spending ...  
    Dividend
    top
    What is paid out of a company's profits to its shareholders, usually yearly (final dividend) ...  
    Dividend cover
     
    The number of times the amount of dividend paid by a company is covered by its earnings. It ...  
    Dividend imputation
     
    A tax-accounting device, effective from 1 July 1987, to remove the 'double' taxation of company ...  
    Dividend reinvestment plan
     
    A scheme enabling shareholders in a company to acquire additional shares instead of taking ...  
    Dividend withholding tax
     

    See also: withholding tax.

     
    Dividend yield
    top
    The theoretical return on an investment, assuming shares are bought on the market at the prevailing ...  
    Dog
     
    An issue of securities which is virtually unsellable.  
    Dog-and-pony show
     
    A seminar or exhibition staged to introduce a new company or product, given by the salespeople ...  
    Dollars
     
    Wholesale money-market jargon meaning one million. 'I'll buy five dollars of June 15 bills' ...  
    Don't sell notice
     
    An announcement, required by the stock exchange listing rules, made to the general public ...  
    Dore
    top
    Commodity market term for bars of gold or silver bullion containing about 90 per cent of the ...  
    Double dipping
     
    The practice of benefiting more than once from savings schemes such as superannuation. The ...  
    Double-entry bookkeeping
     
    A system of recording all financial transactions, in which each transaction has two aspects, ...  
    Double-taxation agreements
     
    Agreements with other countries which enable overseas companies with Australian subsidiaries ...  
    Dow Jones index
     
    A measure of the average price of shares on the New York stockmarket. The Dow Jones index ...  
    Down Under bonds
    top
    Euromarkets' term for $A and $NZ bonds.  
    Downside risk
     
    The risk that prices or values might fall.

    See also: upside potential.

     
    Downsizing
     
    Euphemism for sacking staff. The implication in the recessionary years of the early 1990s, ...  
    Dragon bonds
     
    A eurobond targeted at the Asian market, with Asian syndication and listing and designed to ...  
    Dragon market
     
    The Asian end of the euromarket - the Asian market for currencies and securities held outside ...  
    Draw
    top
    To issue or write out a cheque or bill of exchange in someone else's favour.  
    Drawdown
     
    The use of funds provided under a borrowing facility. The borrowing facility would first be ...  
    Drawee
     
    The person or company to whom a bill of exchange or cheque is addressed. On a cheque, the ...  
    Drawer
     
    The person signing a cheque or bill of exchange. In normal banking, the drawer is the person ...  
    DRC
     
    Abbrev. dual residency company.  
    Drop-lock security
    top
    A type of security, such as a debenture or bond, that gives some protection to the investor ...  
    DRP
     
    Abbrev. dividend reinvestment plan.  
    DTB
     
    Abbrev. Deutsche Terminborse  
    DTI
     
    Abbrev. deposit-taking institution.  
    Dual income, no kids
     
    Abbrev. DINK  
    Dual index floater
    top
    A security whose interest rate is periodically reset in line with more than one index so that ...  
    Dual listing
     
    The listing of a share or security on more than one stock exchange; for example, a company ...  
    Dual residency company
     
    A company that qualifies as a resident in two countries, so that its activities comply with ...  
    Dual tax
     
    Where there is no double taxation agreement between countries, a company with a subsidiary ...  
    Dual trading
     
    Trading for individual/house and customer accounts at the same time. This can raise the issue ...  
    Dual-coupon swap
    top
    A fixed-for-floating interest-rate swap which includes a call option giving one party the ...  
    Dual-currency bond
     
    A fixed-interest security paying a coupon in a base currency (generally the currency of the ...  
    Dual-currency option
     
    An option settled in either of two currencies at the choice of the option-holder.  
    Dual-currency swap
     
    A swap used to hedge the issue of a dual- currency bond, it is typically used by a financial ...  
    Due date
     
    The date at which payment has been contracted or agreed to be made. It can be the date on ...  
    Due diligence
    top
    An analysis carried out before buying a controlling interest in a company to determine that ...  
    Dumped
     
    Stock is described as 'dumped' when it has been offloaded (sold) in large amounts at a bargain ...  
    Dun and Bradstreet
     
    A substantial international company specialising in credit analysis. The company has been ...  
    Dunning
     

    See also: Dun and Bradstreet.

     
    Duration
     
    The market-value, weighted average of the times to each cashflow (interest and principal payments) ...  
    Duration gap
    top
    The difference between the maturity of a portfolio of assets and that of its offsetting liabilities.  
    Duration matching
     

    See also: portfolio immunisation.

     
    Dutch auction
     
    Used to sell tulips in the Netherlands, this is an auction which begins with a high price ...  
    Duty of care
     
    A legal concept which means companies, institutions and individual advisers must not be negligent ...  
    Dynamic hedging
     
    Portfolio insurance or risk management which increases or reduces the underlying position ...