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    Financial Dictionary

    Dictionary Home The Language of Money - Edna Carew
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z



    AAA
     
    The top credit rating accorded by ratings agencies such as the US's Moody's Investors Service ...  
    AARF
     
    Abbrev. Australian Accounting Research Foundation.  
    ABA
     
    Abbrev. Australian Bankers' Association.  
    ABAFRA terms
     
    Terms and conditions formerly applying to forward-rate agreements (FRAs), recommended by the ...  
    Abnormal items
    top
    An accounting term describing events that arise in the normal course of a company's business ...  
    Above par
     
    A bond, debenture, share or other security which is at a price higher than its face value ...  
    Above the line
     
    All items in the profit-and-loss statement that are included in determining the operating ...  
    ABS
     
    1.abbrev. asset-backed security.abbrev. 2.Australian Bureau of Statistics.  
    Accelerator theory
     
    This explains business investment in terms of a disproportionate adjustment to changes in ...  
    Acceptance
    top
    The acknowledgment of, and agreement to abide by, the terms of a contract.  
    Acceptance fee
     
    A commission charged by a bank or merchant bank for the drawing of bills of exchange under ...  
    Accepting house
     
    One of a select group of UK merchant banks whose main function is 'accepting' bills of exchange, ...  
    Acceptor
     
    The party to whom a bill of exchange is addressed and who accepts the primary liability to ...  
    Accommodation bill (of exchange)
     
    The type of bill of exchange most commonly used in Australian financial markets. The accommodation ...  
    Accord
    top

    See also: Statement of Accord.

     
    Accountancy
     
    The profession that specialises in the organised classification, recording and analysing, ...  
    Accounting
     
    The application of the process of analysing and recording, in money terms, the financial transactions ...  
    Accounting period
     
    The period of time for which a company reports on its financial activity, usually one year, ...  
    Accounting standards
     
    Specific accounting policies concerning particular topics or industries, providing descriptions ...  
    Accounts payable
    top
    Amounts owed by a business or individual, usually for goods bought or services rendered.  
    Accreting principal swap
     
    A swap whose notional principal increases (whereas with conventional swaps the notional principle ...  
    Accrual basis of accounting
     
    The method of adjusting accounts to allow for expenses and revenue when they are generated ...  
    Accrued expenses
     
    Expenses incurred but not yet paid.  
    Accrued interest
     
    Interest accounted for but not yet due for payment; a receivable not yet due.

    See also: ...

     
    Accrued revenue
    top
    Income earned but not yet received.  
    Accumulated profits
     

    See also: unappropriated profits.

     
    Accumulation fund
     
    A type of superannuation fund in which the benefit a member receives reflects total contributions ...  
    Accumulation index
     
    An index, such as a share price index, which measures both price and income on the assumption ...  
    Acid test
     

    See also: current ratio, liquid ratio.

     
    Across the board
    top
    In most instances, or as a whole. The phrase 'interest rates rose across the board' indicates ...  
    ACTU
     
    Abbrev. Australian Council of Trade Unions.  
    Actuary
     
    A professional mathematician who takes gambling to the status of a fine science. Actuaries ...  
    ACU
     
    Abbrev. Asian currency unit.  
    Ad valorum
     
    'according to value'. The phrase is used when a duty or tax on an item is levied as a percentage ...  
    ADB
    top
    Abbrev. Asian Development Bank.  
    ADF
     
    Abbrev. approved deposit fund.  
    Adjustable long-term puttable securities
     

    See also: dual-currency bond. Abbrev. ALPS.

     
    Adjustable rate mortgage
     

    See also: variable rate mortgage. Abbrev. ARM.

     
    ADR
     
    1. abbrev. alternative dispute resolution,

    2. abbrev. American depositary receipt.

     
    Advance
    top
    Any extension of credit. Bankers talk of advances when the rest of us say loans. An advance ...  
    AFC
     
    Abbrev. Australian Finance Conference.  
    AFCUL
     
    Abbrev. Australian Federation of Credit Unions Limited.  
    Affidavit
     
    A voluntary statement of facts sworn or affirmed before a witness of a category described ...  
    AFIC
     
    Abbrev. Australian Financial Institutions Commission.  
    AFMA
    top
    Abbrev. Australian Financial Markets Association.  
    AFTA
     
    Abbrev. ASEAN Free Trade Area.  
    After-tax real rate of return
     
    The yield from an investment after the nominal earnings are reduced by income tax and the ...  
    Aggregate demand
     
    A country's demand for goods and services, usually identified as gross domestic product minus ...  
    Aggregate supply
     
    What is produced in a country for domestic consumption, plus its imports.  
    Agio
    top
    The fee charged for changing one form of money for another; eg, silver to gold, paper to metal. ...  
    Agiotage
     
    The moneychanging business; also, stock-jobbing or speculating in securities.  
    AGM
     
    Abbrev. annual general meeting.  
    AIBD
     
    Abbrev. Association of International Bond Dealers.  
    Air-pocket stock
     
    A US term describing a share that has fallen abruptly, usually following the release of bad ...  
    Algorithm
    top
    At its simplest, a series of formulae - a model - used to solve a problem. The Black-Scholes ...  
    All-or-nothing option
     
    An option whose pay-off is predetermined if the underlying asset or index is at or beyond ...  
    All-Ordinaries index
     
    An Australian Stock Exchange measure of the share-price movements of more than 300 Australian ...  
    All-Ordinaries share price riskless indexed notes
     
    Instruments which securitise the price movement in Australian domestic shares, as represented ...  
    Alligator spread
     
    A US commodity traders' expression for a transaction where the commission is so large that ...  
    Allocated pension
    top
    A popular variety of pension or annuity purchased with a superannuation payout on retirement. ...  
    Allonge
     
    The strip of paper attached to a bill of exchange to provide extra space for endorsement signatures ...  
    Alpha
     
    The abnormal return on an overvalued or undervalued investment. Analysts employ asset-pricing ...  
    ALPS
     
    Abbrev. adjustable long-term puttable securities.  
    Alternative dispute resolution
     
    Settling commercial disagreements by negotiation and arbitration instead of litigation. ADR ...  
    Alternative option
    top
    An option on the return of the best call or worst put from two or more securities or indexes ...  
    AMBA
     
    Abbrev. Australian Merchant Bankers Association.

    See also: International Banks and Securities ...

     
    American depositary receipt
     
    A document, held by a US bank, representing shares owned by a US citizen in an overseas company. ...  
    American option
     
    An option that is tradeable and can be exercised at any time up to the date it is due to expire. ...  
    American Stock Exchange
     
    Located in Manhattan, New York, this exchange ranks in the top half-dozen US exchanges in ...  
    AMEX
    top
    Abbrev. American Stock Exchange.  
    Amortisation
     
    An accounting description of the writing-down of the book value of an asset over time or the ...  
    Amortising cap
     
    An interest-rate cap covering decreasing notional principal amounts which usually reflect ...  
    Amortising collar
     
    An interest-rate collar covering decreasing notional principal amounts.  
    Amortising option
     
    An interest-rate option covering decreasing notional principal amounts.  
    Amortising swap
    top
    An interest-rate swap with a decreasing principal amount. Preferably the amortisation schedule ...  
    Annual general meeting
     
    The yearly gathering of the directors and shareholders of a company. AGMs are open to all ...  
    Annuity
     
    An investment designed to produce retirement income, usually managed, for a fee, by a life ...  
    Annuity swap
     
    A swap involving an initial payment or receipt then an exchange of equal coupons during the ...  
    Anomaly
     
    In financial markets, as elsewhere, a departure from the norm. Traders talk of anomalies in ...  
    APCA
    top
    Abbrev. Australian Payments Clearing Association.  
    APEC
     
    Abbrev. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation.  
    Applied economics
     
    The use of economic theory in the analysis of real-world situations. It often highlights the ...  
    Appreciation
     
    The increase in the value of an asset or the increase in the value of a currency against other ...  
    Approved deposit fund
     
    A fund with particular taxation advantages, designed to accommodate sums of money which would ...  
    APT
    top
    Abbrev. automated pit trading.  
    Arbitrage
     
    To take advantage of different rates, prices or conditions between different markets or maturities. ...  
    ARF
     
    Abbrev. ASEAN Regional Forum.  
    ARM
     
    Abbrev. adjustable rate mortgage.

    See also: VRM.

     
    Arrears
     
    Amounts - such as rent, interest or instalments - owed but not yet paid.  
    Arrears swap
    top

    See also: in-arrears swap.

     
    Article 65
     
    A provision of Japan's Securities Exchange Law, enacted after the Second World War, which ...  
    Articles of association
     
    The documents that define a company's constitution, setting out the rules by which the company ...  
    ASC
     
    Abbrev. Australian Securities Commission.  
    ASEAN
     
    Abbrev. Association of South-East Asian Nations.  
    ASEAN Free Trade Area
    top
    A grouping of the six ASEAN member nations - Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, the ...  
    ASEAN Regional Forum
     
    Established in July 1993 as the first region-wide forum specifically aimed at discussing political ...  
    ASFA
     
    Abbrev. Association of Superannuation Funds of Australia.  
    Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
     
    A kind of Asian OECD though on less formal lines, this seventeen-nation forum was established ...  
    Asian Clearing Union
     
    An arrangement between Bangladesh, Burma, India, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka to settle ...  
    Asian currency unit
    top
    The department of a Singapore bank which is licensed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore ...  
    Asian Development Bank
     
    Founded in 1966 as a regional version of the World Bank, headquartered in Manila, to provide ...  
    Asian dollar bonds
     
    Bonds issued in, say, Hong Kong or Singapore, denominated in $US.  
    Asian dollar market
     

    See also: dragon market.

     
    Asian monetary unit
     
    The unit of account used by the member countries of the Asian Clearing Union. It has the same ...  
    Asian option
    top

    See also: average price/rate option.

     
    ASPRETTE
     
    A short-dated, capital-guaranteed certificate of deposit linked to the All-Ordinaries share ...  
    ASPRIN
     
    Abbrev. All-Ordinaries share price riskless indexed notes.  
    Asset
     
    Anything of value. Assets can be in the form of money, such as cash at the bank or amounts ...  
    Asset allocation
     
    Selecting and weighting assets in an investment portfolio.  
    Asset backing
    top
    What's behind your shares. To find out their net asset backing, divide the estimated value ...  
    Asset stripping
     
    Buying an undervalued company and selling off some or all of its assets. A company's market ...  
    Asset-backed security
     
    A financial instrument secured by a pool of assets such as property, a mortgage or credit-card ...  
    Asset-based swap
     
    A swap where the fixed payment stream of the swap is generated by an asset, eg, a bond, held ...  
    Associate company
     
    A company of which between 20 and 50 per cent is owned by another.  
    Association Cambiste Internationale
    top
    An international society of foreign-exchange dealers with its headquarters in Paris.  
    Association of International Bond Dealers
     
    A professional association of more than 350 member institutions, formed in Zurich, Switzerland, ...  
    Association of South-East Asian Nations
     
    An alliance formed in 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand ...  
    Association of Superannuation Funds of Australia
     
    The professional body of the superannuation industry. The association presents the views of ...  
    Assurance
     
    The term commonly used in connection with life policies, which do not depend on a possibility, ...  
    ASTC
    top
    Abbrev. ASX Settlement and Transfer Corporation.  
    ASX
     
    Abbrev. Australian Stock Exchange Limited.  
    ASX Derivatives
     
    The Australian Stock Exchange's derivatives market, trading a range of options over shares.  
    ASX Settlement and Transfer Corporation
     
    The operator of the Clearing House Electronic Subregister System which settles ASX transactions ...  
    At call
     
    Able to be withdrawn on demand or without notice. In the short-term money market, funds can ...  
    At market
    top

    See also: market order.

     
    At par
     

    See also: par value.

     
    At the money
     
    A term used in option trading to describe an exercise (or strike) price that is at or about ...  
    At-best order
     
    A futures trader may execute an at-best order at a price that he or she believes to be the ...  
    Atlantic option
     

    See also: Bermuda option.

     
    ATM
    top
    Abbrev. automatic teller machine.  
    ATS
     
    Abbrev. automated trading system.  
    Audit
     
    A periodic, independent examination and verification of the assets and liabilities and financial ...  
    Audit committee
     
    A group drawn from the board of directors of an organisation, with a majority of independent ...  
    Audit trail
     
    The stockpile of records and source documents that enables accounting entries to be tracked ...  
    Aussie ISDA
    top
    Full title The Australian Guide to AFMA/ISDA Standard Documentation, this provides standardised ...  
    Austraclear
     
    Australia's answer to CEDEL and Euroclear; a computerised cash and securities settlement system ...  
    Australian Accounting Research Foundation
     
    Established in 1986, jointly sponsored and funded by the Australian Society of Certified Practising ...  
    Australian Accounting Standards Board
     
    Responsible for issuing accounting standards, the board was established by section 224 of ...  
    Australian Association of Permanent Building Societies
     
    A Canberra-based industry association established in 1964 to promote the Australia-wide development ...  
    Australian Bankers' Association
    top
    Industry mouthpiece for the banks; it also undertakes research on banking issues. Abbrev. ...  
    Australian Bureau of Statistics
     
    The government's numbers machine. It can provide information about demography, debts, defence, ...  
    Australian Competition and Consumer Commission
     
    Watchdog and enforcement agency formed in late 1995 by a merger between the Trade Practices ...  
    Australian Conciliation and Arbitration Commission
     

    See also: Industrial Relations Commission.

     
    Australian Council of Trade Unions
     
    The central body organising trade union activity in Australia. It was formed in 1927 with ...  
    Australian Federation of Credit Unions Limited
    top
    Formed in 1966 as a Sydney-based trade association to represent the interests of the credit-union ...  
    Australian Finance Conference
     
    A national industry body of financial institutions in Australia, formed in 1958, it is concerned ...  
    Australian Financial Institutions Commission
     
    The regulatory body, established in 1992, which supervises non-bank financial institutions ...  
    Australian Financial Markets Association
     
    A national cooperative organisation created in 1986 in response to a need to streamline financial ...  
    Australian Merchant Bankers Association
     

    See also: International Banks and Securities Association of Australia.

     
    Australian Payments Clearing Association
    top
    Jointly owned by the banks, (including the Reserve Bank), building societies and credit unions, ...  
    Australian Securities Commission
     
    Established in 1991 as the successor to the National Companies and Securities Commission, ...  
    Australian Society of Certified Practising Accountants
     
    The largest professional accounting association in Australia, with more than 80,000 members. ...  
    Australian Stock Exchange Limited
     
    A national organisation that came into being on 1 April 1987, replacing Australia's previous ...  
    Authorised capital
     
    The amount of equity capital, measured at par value, that a company is allowed to raise by ...  
    Authorised dealer (in the short-term money market)
    top
    One of the companies nominated by the Reserve Bank of Australia as an operator in the 'official' ...  
    Automated pit trading
     
    The electronic after-hours trading system used at LIFFE-LTOM (the product of the merger between ...  
    Automated trading system
     
    A computerised trading system that links major trading centres in a country. Abbrev. ATS.  
    Automatic teller machine
     
    A robotic cash-dispensing terminal which enables the client of a bank, building society or ...  
    Average price/rate option
     
    An option whose settlement value is based on the difference between the strike and average ...  
    Average weekly ordinary-time earnings
    top
    The most relied-upon measure of average wage costs, in terms of their impact on unit costs ...  
    Award (rate)
     
    The basic minimum rate of payment that can legally be made for any employee, excluding bonuses, ...  
    Award superannuation
     
    Superannuation contributions provided by an employer on behalf of employees, as set down by ...  
    AWOTE
     
    Abbrev. average weekly ordinary-time earnings.